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How Does Machine Espresso Work? The machine espresso is made using precision pressure, and filter technology that is awe-inspiring to create the coffee you enjoy. What exactly is it? In order to make espresso, hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee but the difference is in the pressure. The Head of the Group The group head is the portafilter you put in when making espresso. It disperses the water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure during the extraction. There are various kinds of group heads, each with their unique advantages and disadvantages. Some are focused on temperature stability, whereas others on pre-infusion capabilities, while others are designed to control the lever. Some come with a combination of both, like the E61. This is a very popular choice for baristas due to the fact that it has multiple benefits in a single package. As you can see in the above photo, the group head is fitted with several notches. You can place your portafilter in these notches and then twist the head to lock it. There is also a gasket of rubber that resides inside the notches and helps create an airtight seal after inserting your portafilter into the machine. The notches permit precise placement of the portafilter. This is crucial for an efficient extraction. The group head is not just able to allow you to put in your portafilter easily, but it also maintains a constant temperature. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew pan and around the portafilter, making sure that it is always at the correct temperature for extraction. This is crucial, since even a small difference in temperature can make the difference between a good and great espresso. The Pump In contrast to manual piston machines that use a lever to pressurize water, the rotary espresso machines use motorized pumps to provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure needed for espresso extraction. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee. Pumps are typically less expensive and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines may degrade due to overuse and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which can raise the price of even the most basic models. Some espresso machines can eliminate the pump entirely and make use of steam pressure to make espresso. This can cause over-extraction because the boiler that produces steam also heats the water until it comes to a boil. These machines also have to constantly rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time. Many espresso machines use the rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model employs a vibrating disk to generate pressure, while a rotating model pushes hot water through the ground at a high speed. Both machines produce great espresso, but rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely to fail. The Boiler The boiler is the part that heats water to the ideal temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter, which is a container for espresso grounds. The steam is then channeled into the cup. The steam generates enough pressure to push the coffee grounds through. This creates a crema on the top of the espresso. This is the hallmark of a great espresso. There are three different types of espresso machines, each with distinct pumps and brew temperature. There are different ways to control the strength of the brew and the size of cup that can be made by the machine. The first espresso machines were steam-type. espresso machines for home were steam-type machines. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was invented by the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni. The most common espresso machine is a semiautomatic that has an electric pump. This is what people envision when they imagine an espresso machine. With a semi-automatic machine you must grind the beans and then tamp them by hand. The pump provides regulated water flow and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and the mechanised consistency. The Filter Espresso machines typically have a filter that separates the grounds of the coffee from the hot water. The filter is also a crucial element of the temperature control system, since it helps prevent the machine from overheating. It also helps with flavor, as a filter allows for a longer bloom time. This allows the beans to release their flavors and provides an opportunity for better extraction. However it is crucial to remember that even a high-quality filter can make a terrible cup of coffee, as the quality of the beans and extraction is still vital. It's here that the magic occurs. This is what makes espresso taste so delicious. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, the thingy which you put the coffee grounds into, while making espresso. Steam-driven espresso machines use hot water heated in an airtight container to make steam. The steam then moves hot water through the grounds of the coffee under pressure. They are less expensive and are easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited in their ability for creating the ideal conditions for brewing since they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars. In recent years, compressed-air-pump-driven espresso machines have become more popular. They use an air-compressor to push hot water through the ground. They are also more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.